MRCPUK Endocrinology and Diabetes (Specialty Certificate Examination) : SEND

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MRCPUK Endocrinology and Diabetes (Specialty Certificate Examination) Sample Questions:

1. A 16-year-old boy was referred to the diabetes clinic following the discovery of a random plasma glucose concentration of 18.0 mmol/L. His general practitioner had begun treatment with metformin. The patient had a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 (18-25). He had had problems throughout his childhood, and had been taken out of school and was educated at home by his mother. He was attending the ophthalmology clinic for visual problems.
On examination, he was obese. He had hearing aids in both ears and evidence of acanthosis nigricans. Neither parent had a history of diabetes mellitus.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) type 2 diabetes mellitus
B) mitochondrial diabetes
C) hepatocyte nuclear factor 1? mutation
D) Alstrom's syndrome
E) Bardet-Biedl syndrome

2. A 16-year-old boy was referred to the endocrine clinic. He was concerned about his growth and pubertal development. He was well with no significant medical history. He had felt his development had lagged behind his peers for the previous 2 years and he had been the shortest in his class for some time and was being bullied.
General examination was normal. His height was 1.53 m and weight 52.4 kg. He had Tanner stage 3 genitalia and pubic hair. Axillary hair was present. Testicular volumes were 6 mL bilaterally.
Investigations:
serum testosterone4.4 nmol/L (9.0-35.0)
plasma follicle-stimulating hormone2.5 U/L (1.0-7.0)
plasma luteinising hormone1.8 U/L (1.0-10.0)
serum insulin-like growth factor 134.5 nmol/L (9.3-56.0)
insulin tolerance test:

What is the most appropriate treatment?

A) growth hormone 0.4 mg subcutaneously per day
B) testosterone 250 mg intramuscularly per month
C) testosterone 50 mg intramuscularly per month
D) reassure and review
E) hydrocortisone 15 mg am, 5 mg pm

3. A 64-year-old man, who was undergoing investigation for altered bowel habit, was referred to the endocrine clinic after a CT scan of abdomen had shown a 4-cm mass in his left adrenal gland. He had a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Investigations:
low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (2 mg/day for 48 h):
serum cortisol350 nmol/L (<50)
24-h urinary free cortisol400 nmol (55-250)
plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (09.00 h)2.0 pmol/L (3.3-15.4)
He underwent laparoscopic removal of his left adrenal gland.
How should his endocrine condition be managed following surgery?

A) tetracosactide (Synacthen@) test 6 weeks postoperatively and start hydrocortisone if abnormal
B) 24-h urinary cortisol 6 weeks postoperatively and start hydrocortisone if abnormally low
C) start hydrocortisone perioperatively and continue until tetracosactide (Synacthen@) test in 6 weeks
D) introduce hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone postoperatively according to blood pressure and electrolytes
E) immediate postoperative tetracosactide (Synacthen@) test and, if abnormal, start hydrocortisone

4. A 27-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of amenorrhoea and low mood. She complained of headaches but no visual disturbance. Her past medical history included anorexia nervosa but her current weight was stable.
On examination, her body mass index was 20.2 kg/m2 (18-25). Routine physical examination was normal and there was no galactorrhoea. Visual fields were full to confrontation.
Investigations:
serum cortisol (09.00 h)320 nmol/L (200-700)
short tetracosactide (Synacthen@) test (250 micrograms): serum cortisol (30 min after tetracosactide)630 nmol/L (>550) serum oestradiol200 pmol/L (200-400) plasma follicle-stimulating hormone2 U/L (2.5-10.0) plasma luteinising hormone4 U/L (2.5-10.0)
serum prolactin1001 mU/L (<360) serum free T418.0 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
serum ?-human chorionic gonadotropin<5 U/L (<5)
What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A) encourage weight gain and reassess after 2 months
B) MR scan of pituitary
C) pregnancy test
D) start cabergoline 0.5 mg/week
E) ultrasound scan of ovaries

5. A 43-year-old woman was admitted with right lower lobe pneumonia and was found to have atrial fibrillation. She had a history of bipolar disorder for which she was taking lithium. Her menstrual periods were normal.
Investigations on admission:
serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)0.98 mU/L (0.4-5.0)
serum free T428.1 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
serum free T314.2 pmol/L (3.0-7.0)
Assay interference had been excluded.
Subsequent investigations:
serum sex hormone binding globulin64 nmol/L (40-137)
serum thyroid-hormone receptor ?-subunit0.8 IU/L (<1.0)
anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodiesnegative
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) surreptitious ingestion of thyroxine
B) non-thyroidal illness (sick euthyroid syndrome)
C) thyroid hormone resistance
D) TSHoma
E) lithium-induced hyperthyroidism

Solutions: